한국어 (원영 , infinitive)	한국어 (1st person singular)	English	Remark
가다	가요	to go, to leave	actually “to leave a place”
걷다	걸러요	to walk	one style of walking
걷다+가다 -> 걸어가다	걸어가요	to walk	to go to a place, walking
들다	들어요 [“드러요”]	to lift	(to carry, to enter, to join, to be effective (medication…) don’t confuse with 듣다
들다 + 가다 -> 들고가다	들고가요	to carry	[“to lift and go”]
들다 + 오다 -> 들고오다	들고와요	to bring	to bring sth while carrying it
다		all, everything
모두		all
둘 + 다 -> 둘다		both	literally “two all”
뜨겁다	뜨고워요	to be hot (drink)
듣다	들어요	to listen, to hear	don’t confuse with 들다
약		drug, medication	pill
약을 먹다	약이 먹어요	to take medication	to take a pill
약이 들다	약이 들어요	the medication is effective
약이 안 들다	약이 안 들어요	the medication is not effective
비행기		a plane
비행기가 날다	비행기가 날아요	the plane flies
귀엽다	귀워어요	to be cute	irregular, ㅂ dropping
입다	입어요	to put on, (dress)	other things to wear, other verbs
공부하다	공부해요	to learn something

집에 걸어가요. – I walk home.
학교에 걸어가고 있어요. (hak-gyo-e geo-reo-ga-go it-seo-yo.) – I am walking to school (right now).

약이 안 들어요. The medication doesn’t work / is not effective

비행기가 날아가요. The plane flies [away from us].
비행기가 날아와요. The plane flies [towards us].
새가 날다. The bird flies [without specific destination]

Don’t confuse 들고와요 ( to bring) and 뜨고워요 (to be hot (drink))

Don’t confuse 듣다 (to hear, to listen) and 들다 (to enter, to join, to lift, …)

Don’t confuse 둘다 (both) and 들다

Verbs ending in ..ㅂ다 drop the ㅂ and have informal polite form of .. 워어요

아이가 귀여워요. The kid is cute.
커피가 뜨거워요. The coffee is hot.

다 먹었어요? (da meo-geoss-eo-yo?) Did you finish eating ?

to must/have to do A
a) A-야 돼요
b) A-야 해요
a) and b) have exactly the same meaning. Feel free which to use!

A + 사다 + -야 돼다 -> A를 사야 돼다 to need to buy A
드레스를 사야 돼요 I need to buy a dress.

to assume A
A-겠네요!

자다 (to sleep) -> 자야 돼요 I have to sleep.
자다 -> 자야겠네요! I guess you have to sleep.
공부하다 (to learn) -> 공부해야 겠네요! I assume you have to learn.
기쁘다 (to be happy, pleased) -> 기쁘겠네요! You must be happy / pleased!

아! 그렇군요! 아! 그래요!

ah, I see! (informal, polite)

Genitive

저 + 의 = 제 my (formal polite)
나 + 의 = 내 my (informal polite)
너 + 의 = 네 your
재민의 회사 .. Jaemin’s company

How to pronounce a phone number:
010-2345-8752 “-” in a phone number is replaced here by “의” pronounced “에”

야! 제 커피야! Hey, this is my coffee!

The following five words all mean “this (thing) [close to me]”, “as far as this is concerned”:
이건, 이것은, 이거는, 이게, 이것이

The following five words all mean “that (thing) [close to you]”, “as far as that is concerned”:
그건, 그것은, 그거는, 그게, 그것이

The following five words all mean “that (thing) [over there]”, “as far as that over there is concerned”:
저건, 저것은, 저거는, 저게, 저것이

연필	pencil
필통	pencil case
볼펜	ballpen, biro

Text from Book:
마리 : 회시원, 재민의 회사 동료임, 등산과 케이팝을 좋아해요.
수지 : 대학생, 외국에서 유학 중임, 취미는 시지 찰영임.

Where is the ㅁ in the text from ?
We can convert a verb or adjective to a noun, by attaching ㅁ to the verb stem.

함 is a slang form of 하다.
임 is a slang form of 이다.

무엇을 해요? = 뭘 해요? = 뭐해요? = 뭐해? = 뭐 함? What [are you doing]?

등	back, climbing
산	mountain
등 + 산 = 등산	hiking (“climb mountain” , but you may want to remebmer it easier as “back [of the] mountain”)
등산하다 -> 등산해요	to go hiking (“back mountain do”)
유학하다	to study abroad [“study-abroad-do”]

Gerund ( = -ing form)
The -고 있다 ending is used to describe an ongoing action.
You can also use the -중이다 to describe that you are in the middle of something, that you are .. doing something.

등산하다 + -고 있다 -> 등산하고 있다 . Literally “Hike-Mountain-do-and-exists” = I’m hiking = I am on a hike right now.

Of combined final consonants (“double bachim”) sometimes the first and sometimes the second consonant is pronounced.
To remember the combinations of which the second syllable is pronounced, there is a trick:

All double-bachim of which the second consonant is pronounced, look like 7-segment Numbers:

ㄹㅁ looks like 20 , so this is pronounced like “ㅁ” For example 삶다 -> 삼다 to boil
ㄹㅍ looks like 20 , so this is pronounced like “ㅍ” For example 읊다 -> “읖다” to recite [a poem]
ㄹㄱ looks like 27 , so this is pronounced like “ㄱ” For example 읽다 -> “익다” to read

Of all other double-bachim the first character is pronounced